20/05/2024

Novo medicamento interrompe crescimento de câncer em humanos

O berzosertibe ainda está em fase experimental, mas seus resultados são promissores, especialmente quando aliado com a quimioterapia

Um pequeno estudo em humanos apresentou bons resultados preliminares para uma nova droga contra o câncer. O medicamento experimental, chamado berzosertibe, interrompeu o crescimento dos tumores em mais da metade dos voluntários. Agora, ele será alvo de estudos clínicos maiores. Especialistas expressam otimismo cauteloso em relação a esse novo tratamento.

O berzosertibe faz parte de uma família inteiramente nova de medicamentos projetados para atuar em uma proteína chamada ATR. Essa proteína desempenha um papel fundamental na reparação do DNA danificado e a inibição de sua atividade hipoteticamente interromperia a capacidade de proliferação de um tumor.

“O crescimento desenfreado das células cancerígenas coloca um enorme estresse no processo de replicação do DNA”, explica Panagiotis Konstantinopoulos, do Instituto de Câncer Dana-Farber. “O ATR os ajuda a sobreviver a esse estresse: seu trabalho é coordenar a interrupção do ciclo celular para verificar se o DNA está intacto ou precisa de reparo. Drogas que inibem o ATR – que privam as células tumorais de tal reparo – têm o potencial de serem particularmente eficazes em alguns tipos de câncer”.

Um estudo em fase um em humanos, publicado recentemente no Journal of Clinical Oncology, testa a segurança do berzosertibe e revela que a terapia experimental é segura e potencialmente eficaz. A pesquisa usou o medicamento em cerca de 40 pacientes com diferentes tipos de cânceres em estágio avançado.

A inibição da proteína ATR apresentou bons resultados na luta contra o câncer. Imagem: Reprodução

Os ensaios de primeira fase não foram projetados para investigar a eficácia do berzosertibe; em vez disso, concentram-se principalmente na tolerabilidade e segurança de um novo medicamento em seres humanos. No entanto, como relatado no estudo, os resultados antitumorais secundários foram inesperadamente fortes.

Mais da metade dos pacientes medicados com a nova droga tiveram interrupção no crescimento do tumor, e o efeito foi ainda mais proeminente em indivíduos que também receberam quimioterapia. Um incrível número de 15 dos 21 pacientes que fizeram tanto quimioterapia quanto o uso de berzosertibe viram sua doença estabilizar.

Darius Widera, da Universidade de Reading, sugere que ainda é cedo para chamar essa droga de uma mudança de jogo, mas observa que os resultados dos testes da fase um são muito encorajadores. “Os efeitos extraordinariamente fortes do berzosertibe, especialmente em combinação com quimioterapia convencional, dão razões para ser otimista em relação aos resultados de estudos de acompanhamento com maior número de pacientes e controles apropriados de placebo”, disse ele. Widera não participou dessa fase do estudo.

Os resultados de um estudo de fase dois, testando o berzosertibe em conjunto com quimioterapia para pacientes com câncer ovariano grave e publicado no The Lancet Oncology, revelaram que pacientes tratadas com a combinação de terapias viveram substancialmente mais do que aquelas que fizeram apenas quimioterapia.

“Nossos resultados do estudo em fase 2 sugerem que a inibição do ATR em combinação com quimioterapia tem o potencial de oferecer benefícios significativos a pacientes com HGSOC [câncer de ovário seroso de grau alto] resistente à quimioterapia e, potencialmente, outros tipos de tumores nos quais o ATR é fundamental”, explica Konstantinopoulos, principal autor dessa fase da pesquisa.

Ainda é cedo, mas esse é um tratamento com potencial para melhorar a vida de pessoas com câncer.

Via: New Atlas

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